No es una foto porque no se puede fotografiar a un virus, pero tampoco en un modelo computalizado. Lo que un equipo de investigadores en tres países ha logrado la primera imagen real y en tres dimensiones del SARS-CoV-2, un avance que puede ayudar a los científicos a luchar contra él.
Es lo más cercano a mostrar la apariencia real del virus que hemos logrado hasta ahora. Con la tecnología actual, no se puede mostrar una imagen más real”, resume para Efe Peter Mindek, director de tecnología de Nanographics, empresa austríaca que ha creado la imagen, junto a centros universitarios de China y Arabia Saudí.
Para obtener la imagen, un objeto esférico del que surgen las famosas espículas, se usó la técnica de tomografía crioelectrónica, en el que la muestra congelada se va escaneando desde distintos ángulos usando un microscopio electrónico.
La tomografía se realizó en la Universidad Tsinghua, en China, y los datos obtenidos fueron segmentados luego por expertos de la Universidad de Ciencia y Tecnología Rey Abdalá.
Finalmente, Nanographics, fundada por científicos de la Universidad Técnica de Viena, eliminó el ruido de la imagen original, la renderizó y le asignó propiedades ópticas y colores.
Mindek recuerda que un virus es más pequeño que la longitud de onda de la luz visible, por lo que, por ejemplo, ni siquiera tiene color.
Por eso, los tonos rosas y azules usados en la imagen son, como él dice, “falsos”, con el propósito de ayudar a representar mejor la forma y las distintas partes del virus.
Lo que sí es real, es la forma del virus, algo que tiene mucha importancia para los científicos que buscan formas de combatirlo.
Los científicos que investigan vacunas y curas necesitan saber la forma de las moléculas. Si lo ven en 3D, es más fácil saber cómo funcionan”, explica Mindek.
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