Marcelo Ebrard, excanciller de México y aspirante a la candidatura presidencial del oficialista Partido Morena, presentó este lunes su propuesta de combate a la violencia que, entre otros puntos, incluye la vigilancia masiva, bases de datos con inteligencia artificial, uso de drones, así como el reconocimiento morfológico de delincuentes. Se trata de una estrategia que despertó polémica en redes sociales y críticas entre algunos expertos, que consideran que esto podría vulnerar los Derechos Humanos.
Denominada “Plan Ángel”, en referencia a Avanzadas Normas de Geolocalización y Seguridad, esta estrategia plantea ocho puntos que, además de los ya mencionados, incluye detectores de armas mediante diversas tecnologías; rastreadores de vehículos; identificadores de disparos, para conocer el lugar exacto donde se detonó un arma, y rastreo y cámaras inteligentes en elementos de la Guardia Nacional, de acuerdo con un comunicado emitido por el equipo de campaña de Ebrard.
El lunes, durante la presentación de su estrategia contra la criminalidad en la Ciudad de México, en caso de llegar a la presidencia, el excanciller recordó su experiencia como director de la Policía de la capital mexicana, precisamente cuando el actual presidente Andrés Manuel López Obrador era el jefe del gobierno capitalino (2000-2005).
“Vamos a disfrutar el México más seguro de la historia”, promete Ebrard en un video publicado en sus redes sociales y que, según señala, ha sido inspirado en avanzadas tecnologías que ha conocido durante sus viajes en el mundo como secretario de Relaciones Exteriores de México.
Pero para expertos consultados por CNN como David Saucedo, analista de políticas públicas y seguridad, la estrategia de Ebrard es un “espejo tecnológico”, ya que —en su opinión— “construye narrativas de combate a la seguridad con el uso de la inteligencia y la tecnología”.
“Lo que falla en México no es la tecnología, son las personas que utilizan esa tecnología. Cuando empezó a haber narcotraficantes de alto perfil, se construyeron prisiones de alta seguridad, y en dos ocasiones, fueron burladas por Joaquín ‘El Chapo’ Guzmán, de donde escapó en dos ocasiones, que tenían en su momento tecnologías de punta”, dice Saucedo.
Para Samuel González, especialista en seguridad pública, el reconocimiento facial y el uso de inteligencia artificial para predecir conductas delictivas, puede ser blanco de críticas entre defensores de derechos humanos, principalmente en unos estados de Estados Unidos y la Unión Europea donde estas prácticas están prohibidas.
“Aunque puede haber una buena intención por parte de Ebrard y su equipo en el uso de estas tecnologías para combatir la criminalidad, los defensores de derechos humanos han sido muy críticos con su uso, sobre todo en países autoritarios como China”, refiere González.
Organizaciones defensoras de Derechos Humanos como Amnistía Internacional han pedido a los gobiernos que se prohíba el uso de tecnología de reconocimiento facial con fines de vigilancia masiva en la policía y otros organismos de Estado ya que, sostienen, “violan los derechos humanos de grupos vulnerables de distintas maneras”.
“Ningún uso de la identificación biométrica remota es compatible con los derechos humanos”, afirma Amnistía Internacional, en el debate sobre si este tipo de tecnología debe ser usado por los gobiernos al considerar que su uso puede tener fines autoritarios, cometer abusos y reprimir protestas.
El Plan Ángel de Marcelo Ebrard se da a conocer, además, en medio de las prohibiciones del Instituto Nacional Electoral (INE), el árbitro electoral del país, sobre las promesas de campaña de los aspirantes a la candidatura presidencial.
Según la Consultora AC, confirmada por especialistas y exfuncionarios de seguridad de diversos gobiernos de México, en el país operan al menos 170 grupos criminales.
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